Economic Factors have been of dominant concern in Australian Foreign Po

stintingal FACTORS HAVE BEEN THE DOMINANT CONCERN IN AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN restitution policy OVER THE PAST 25 YEARS.During the past 25 years, Australian unusual insurance policy has consisted of a balance mingled with stintingal and security priorities. No government lavatory afford to snap on one to the injustice of the other. During the Hawke and Keating era (1983-1996), scotch factors were of significant importance as we were in a country that was growing rapidly, faster than any other region in the world. Although having said this, it can be argued that there were exceptions whereby security initiatives were of equal headache to the government. In the current day (Howard era), it is possible to view that there is a higher vehemence on security initiatives than ever before delinquent to being situated in a heavily volatile region (Arc of Instability). Having said this, there once again has been emphasis on the economic appendage and prosperity of our nation at the same time, via the use of slew Agreements and other forms of economic policy. This indicates that although there have been concern on economic factors in the past 25 years in relation to Australian opposed Policy (AFP) decisions, there has to a fault been a balanced emphasis on security factors during this period.There is no doubt that during the Hawke/Keating era (83-96) economicpriorities received significant emphasis in Australian Foreign Policy decisions. To promote the economic growth and increase of work in the Asia pacific Region, the Hawke government embarked on a period of enmeshment within the region. Keating proposed this enmeshment with neighboring tiger Economies by co-founding the APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Corporation), in 1989. Focused on facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region, it was seen as being crucial to entertain healthy international diplomatic relations within the Asia - Pacific region. This was for t he most part due to the strengthening trading blocks such as the EU (European Union) and NAFTA (North the States Free Trade Agreement). These trading blocks exclusively stipulated that major trading was being transacted via these member economies and was ruling Australia out of many valuable markets. This reinforced that Australia must turn towards its own region for the concentration of developing itself as a strong economy and therefore founded the APEC organization under it... ...ing economic growth in the Asia Pacific Region, whilst as well as maintaining a fair market for the trade of agricultural goods. On the other hand particular focus was also placed on the national security interests on Australia with the corporation in the 1991 Gulf War, in an attempt to strengthen our military ties with the USA and also strengthen ties via the ANZUS Treaty. However it can also be seen during the Howard era that Foreign Policy focus was primarily on a balance between security and econ omic objectives via the implementation of the Helpem Fren initiative in the Solomon Islands and Enhanced Cooperation syllabus in Papua New Guinea, there were also factors that determined a focus on security initiatives along with this economic focus. This was through Australias participation in the Gulf War to improve our military relationship and insurance policy with the USA. Economic factors that were also in the Australian government interests for the nation, was the zygomorphous free trade agreement with the USA. After evaluating both of these national parties and eras it can concluded that no government can afford to focus on one area of foreign policy to the detriment of the other.

Dialectal Awareness in the Reeves Tale Essay -- Reeves Tale Essays

Dialectal Aw arness in the Reeves Tale end-to-end any given period of human history, language has been the highest expression of evident and transmissible culture. Individuals generally affiliate themselves with those of like culture and characteristics and tend to fling those who express qualities and beliefs that are different from what is roughhewnly accepted or familiar. Wedges are often driven in the midst of identical groups of people with common beliefs, simply because wholeness particular dialect of their language is strange to the stiletto heel of another group, or is difficult for that other group to understand . The differences between the Northern and Southern Middle English dialects of the late 1300s were, for many reasoned reasons, so distinct that over time lines of demarcation were conceived, as were unimaginative rafts of the people who spoke the language of the North. But fourteenth century poet Geoffrey Chaucer aphorism beyond the divisions to the heart of the matter he recognized the efficacy and robustness of the Northern dialects, considering them as no less proper forms of English than his have native Londonese-- a mixture of Southern and East Midlands dialects. It is by capitalizing upon these well-known stereotypical views through his distinct dialectal differences that Chaucer helps Oswald the Reeve get one up on the impertinent Miller through his own savvy, satirical Canterbury tale.In order to understand the implications that dialectal differences would have had upon the Southern view of a Northern speaker of Middle English, one must commencement investigate the individual differences that clearly existed between the two forms of the language. As thither was no standardization of the ... ...frey. The Canterbury Tales Nine Tales and the General Prologue. Ed. V. A. Kolve and Glending Olson. New York W. W. Norton, 1989. Clark, Cecily. Another former(a) Fourteenth-Century Case of Dialect Awareness. check out of English Stud ies 40 (1989) 504-505.Ellis, Deborah S. Chaucers Devilish Reeve. Chaucer Review 27 (1995) 150-161. Geipel, John. The Viking Legacy The Scandinavian Influence on the English and Gaelic Languages. London David & Charles, 1971. Hughes, Arthur and Peter Trudgill. English Accents and Dialects An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of British English. Baltimore University Park P, 1979.Moss, Fernand. Introduction. A Handbook of Middle English. Trans. James A. Walker. Baltimore Johns Hopkins UP, 1952.Woods, William F. The Logic of want in The Reeve s Tale. Chaucer Review 30 (1996) 150-161.

Nike Case Study Essay

The Nike Sweatshop DebateShould Nike be held amenable for belonging(a) conditions in foreign factories that it does not own, notwithstanding where subcontractors make products for Nike?Nike is definitely not only responsible nevertheless also accountable for the working conditions of foreign factories that it does not own which it subcontracts with. Nike should pay taken the initiative to be responsible of the contractors/employees working in other countries on a international scale. For example Recently, Pepsi Cola was in the news for anyegations of having pesticides in their drink products in India. Pepsi viewd that it was not just meeting standards in the Indian Market, but has the said(prenominal) standards of water purification across the orb. Pepsi was found in a convertible situation such as Nike, they should devote realized that even though they were getting cheap patience party in other countries that they needed to be soci completelyy responsible to ensure that the workers get minimum w historic periods and work in conditions that ar acceptable on a international scale.What grasp standards regarding safety, working conditions, over while, and the like should Nike hold foreign factories to those prevailing in that country, or those prevailing in the United States?Nike needs to adopt a polity for its overseas operations which will totallyow them to enjoy the cost advantages that they are realizing by off shoring manufacturing of shoes, yet which will give them the rectitude of being a humanitarian company. For example, if Nike adopts the normal standards in the country of manufacturing so it is not able to comply with several(prenominal) of the human rights related issues that orbiculate organizations should comply with. Thus, it is very important that Nike adopts a series of standards that ensures that workers get at least the minimum wages in the individual country but the working conditions should be acceptable enough for workers to work and the minimum age limit of workers should also be enforced strictly.An income of $2.28 a day, the base gestate of Nike Factory workers in Indonesia, is double the daily income of about half the working population. Half of all adults in Indonesia are farmers, who receive less than $1 a day. Given this, is it correct to criticize Nike for the low pay rank of its subcontractors in Indonesia?Each country has their own which is regulated by the labor laws in each country. Daily rates are different match to the skill of workers, shell of city the worker lives and works in and the prices of necessity commodities in the city and state. For example, the daily wage of workers in factories manufacturing Nike shoes may be higher than farmers in the alike(p) city and or state.If Nikes contractors are not abiding by the minimum wage regulations for the type of skill and working conditions in which these workers work in, then Nike should be reprimanded and fined on the global scale. Yet, should Nikes contractors obey the minimum wage regulations set by the government according to a workers skills and working conditions, then Nike cannot be condemned or criticized and comparing wages of one set of workers with another set of workers would be irrelevant.Could Nike have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops better? What might it have done differently, not just from a public relations perspective, but also from a insurance perspective?From a policy perspective, Nike could have handled the negative publicity over sweatshops much better. Nike could have enforced policies for all the contractors who are manufacturing either shoes or apparels for Nike across countries to obey the topical anaesthetic rules and also could have created some better policies that would apply to all the factories that frame Nikes products.In a good faith effort, Nike should have print the names of all the contractors across countries that obeyed the local working regulations, conditions and wages. Nike could have demanded that the local labor inspectors in different countries do an audit of their factories on a regular basis to ensure that contractors comply with the local laws in their respective countries so that the stack working there would be safe and middling treated.Do you think Nike needs to make any changes to its current policy? If so what? Should Nike make changes even if they hinder the ability of the company to grapple?Nike should adopt policies which work across the globe where their factories and workers are concerned. They need to ensure that all their contractors obey both the wage regulations and local working conditions in all countries. Nike can ensure this either by designating a labor inspector in each of their regions whom will report the details of all the workers working in their factories to a local, regional, national, and international board. This report would be submitted to well-grounded experts at the  country level and worldwide level to ensure that all the laws are in compliance by contractors of Nike.Is the WRC right to argue that the FLA is a tool of industry?Nike factories were found to be incompliant with the WRC as they found some policies which were not being followed in Nikes factories. WRC give ample time to FLA to see that all Nike factories are compliant with the local labor laws in their countries. WRC should routinely audit some of Nikes factories which FLA has deemed as compliant with local labor laws to ensure that it is not a tool of the industry.If sweatshops are a global hassle, what might be a global solution to this problem?Bottom line is that companies should be held responsible for adhering to local, national, and international laws concerning the working conditions of people across the globe.Next summarize the strategic and operational challenges facing global managers illustrated in your selected case. Also comment on recent global developments bear on t he company in this case.Strategic ChallengesIdentifying low cost countries for cost potentiality while still adhering to regulations governing working conditions and wages.Ensuring that consumers can get the same quality of product form anywhere across the globe.Letting the world know what the company is doing to ensure that its contractors and subcontractors are compliant with Nikes policies. working(a) ChallengesEnsuring the same training and development of employees across regions, nations and the globe.Ensuring that each manufacturing plant has resembling working conditions across the globe.Ensuring that every worker receives fair wages across the globe.ReferencesHill, Charles W.L. (2005). International Business Competing in the global marketplace. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Motivation Theory

inevitably drives doings lasts simplification or release of tension Behaviour is both directed to, and results from, uneasy withdraws. The word unslaked is approximately all-important(a). As Mas starting time says, If we atomic number 18 interested in what actually trips us and not what has or will, or might displace us, then a satisfied take aim is not a motivator. Kellys model of motive presents a sort of chicken-egg dilemma. Which comes first, the goal or the take away? When we lecture closely demeanor being goal-oriented, we mean that individuals feel a unavoidableness, want, thirst or drive to do al near affaire that happens to the effect of a goal. tho is the goal, as part of the self, already in that respect? Is it the concomitantor that stimulates the ask? Are goals and inevitably the same contractment? It is useful to separate the two c unity and completely(a) timepts. We washbowl secure a goal as that proscribedcome which we strive to attain in order to fulfil certain of necessity. The goal is the end result, the read the hotheaded force that spurs us to wards that result. A student might cook a goal to get an A in a course, only if this goal whitethorn rebound a number of different unavoidably.He or she may feel a need to confirm his or her competence friends may all be getting As he or she may wish to sustain the esteem of separates simply to do the crush getable to keep a scholarship. It is difficult to infer needs from goals. We talk about m wizy as a motivator. Money maps so galore(postnominal) different things to different people that saying that individuals run for money is meaning slight. What we harbour to know is what needs the money is get togethe shout. Is it survival, status, belonging, performance, a convenient scorecard for capital punishment?Remember, behaviour is both directed to, and results from, insatiable needs. E real individual has a number of needs which vie for sat isfaction. How do we choose between these competing forces? Do we try to satisfy them all? Much like a weeny child in a idlerdy store, faced with the dilemma of outlay his or her allowance, we be forced to decide what we want the most that is we satisfy the strongest need first. Although there is popular agreement among psychologists that man experiences a word form of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what these needs argon and their sexual congress importance. there have been a number of attempts to present models of motivation which list a specialized number of motivating needs, with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and represent the total picture of needs. Unfortunately, separately of these models has weaknesses and gaps, and we are still without a general theory of motivation. In this article, I will limn the four main theories of motivation. These are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Herzbergs Dual-Factor scheme, The Need for Achievem ent and David McClellands work and Vrooms Expectancy Motivation Theory. Hierarchy of Needs Abraham MaslowOne model of motivation that has gained a lot of attention, but not fetch up sufferance, has been put forward by Abraham Maslow. Maslows theory argues that individuals are move to satisfy a number of different kinds of needs, or so of which are to a enceinteer extent motiveful than others (or to use the psychological jargon, are to a greater extent prepotent than others). The term prepotency refers to the psyche that some needs are felt as being more pressing than others. Maslow argues that until these most pressing needs are satisfied, other needs have belittled effect on an individuals behaviour.In other words, we satisfy the most prepotent needs first and then progress to the less pressing ones. As one need run shorts satisfied, and therefore less important to us, other needs loom up and become motivators of our behaviour. Maslow represents this prepotency of needs as a hierarchy. The most prepotent needs are sh consume at the bottom of the ladder, with prepotency fall as one progresses upwards. SELF-ACTUALISATION reaching your maximum potential, doing you own best thing ESTEEM respect from others, self-respect, recognitionBELONGING affiliation, acceptance, being part of something SAFETY corporeal resort, psychological security PHYSIOLOGICAL hunger, thirst, sex, rest The first needs that anyone moldiness satisfy are physiological. As Maslow says Undoubtedly these physiological needs are the most prepotent of all needs. What this heart and soul specifically is that in the human being who is lose everything in life in an extreme fashion, it is most believably that the study motivation would be the physiological needs rather than any others.A individual who is lacking food, safety, love and esteem would in all likelihood hunger for food more strongly than anything else. Once the first level needs are plumpingly satisfied, Maslow maintains, the next level of needs emerges. Individuals become pertain with the need for safety and security protection from physical harm, disaster, illness and security of income, life-style and traffichips. Similarly, once these safety needs have become largely satisfied, individuals become concerned with belonging a common sense of social status in some grouping or groups, a need for affiliation and a feeling of acceptance by others.When there is a feeling that the individual belongs somewhere, he or she is next rund by a desire to be held in esteem. People need to be thought of as worth charm by others, to be recognised as people with some value. They excessively have a strong need to see themselves as worthwhile people. Without this casing of self- impression, one sees oneself as drifting, cut off, requestless. Much of this dissatisfaction with certain graphic symbols of subscriber line centres somewhat the fact that they are perceived, by the people performing t hem, as put gobble up and therefore damaging to their self-concept.Finally, Maslow says, when all these needs have been satisfied at least to some extent, people are motivated by a desire to self-actualise, to achieve whatever they define as their maximum potential, to do their thing to the best of their ability. Maslow describes self-actualisation as follows A musician must run music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be in conclusion happy. What a man can do, he must do. This need we may call self-actualisation It refers to the desire for self-fulfilment, namely the raceency for one to become actualised in what one is potentially.This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. The specific form these needs comport will of course vary greatly from person to person. In one individual it may be convey maternally, as the desire to be an ideal mother, in another athletical ly, in still another aesthetically, the painting of pictures, and in another inventively in the creation of newly contrivances. It is not necessarily a productive animate although in people who have any capabilities for creation it will exit this form. some(prenominal) points must be made concerning Maslows model of motivation. First, it should be made clear that he does not mean that individuals experience but one pillowcase of need at a time. In fact, we probably experience all levels of needs all the time, only to variable degrees. In some(prenominal) parts of the world, hunger is a genuine reality but we have all experienced the phenomenon of not being able to concentrate upon a gambol because of a growling stomach. Productivity drops prior to lunch as people transfer their thoughts from their line of businesss to the upcoming meal.After lunch, food it not uppermost in peoples minds but perhaps rest is, as a sense of drowsiness sets in. Similarly, in almost all organ isational settings, individuals pull the wool over someones eyes their needs for security (Can I keep this job? ) with needs for esteem (If I do what is demanded by the job, how will my peers see me, and how will I see myself? ) Given a situation where management is demanding a certain level of performance, but where group norms are to produce on a lower floor these levels, all these issues are experienced. If the individual does not produce to the level demanded by management, he or she may lose the job (security).But if he or she conforms to managements norms rather than those of the group, it may ostracise him or her (belonging) while the individual may see him or herself as a deserter (esteem) and may have a feeling of having let the side down (self-esteem. ) We do not progress simply from one level in the hierarchy to another in a ingenuous, orderly manner there is a constant, but ever-changing pull from all levels and types of needs. A present moment point that must be mad e about Maslows hierarchy is that the order in which he has set up the needs does not necessarily reflect their prepotence for every individual.Some people may have such a racy need for esteem that they are able to mercenary their needs for safety, or their physiological or belonging needs to these. The war hero springs to mind. There is little concern for safety or physical comfort as the seeker of glory rushes forward into the muzzle of destruction. A third, and very important point to be made about Maslows hierarchical model is the assertion that once a need is satisfied it is no longer a motivator until it re-emerges. Food is a execrable motivator after a meal. The point in this is clear for management.Unfortunately, galore(postnominal) organisations and individuals still fail to get the message. more or less incentive schemes are found upon needs that have already been largely satisfied. If management placed wildness on needs that have not been satisfied, employees wou ld be more likely to be motivated towards achieving the goals of the organisation. Human behaviour is primarily directed towards unsatisfied needs. Finally, an important facet of Maslows model is that it pictures for constant reaping of the individual. There is no point at which everything has been achieved.Having satisfied the lower needs, one is everlastingly striving to do things to the best of ones ability, and best is of all time defined as being slightly better than before. There has been a great deal of debate over Maslows hierarchical concept of motivation. It has a base attraction to most people because it seems to be logical, to charter sense. Dual-Factor Theory Frederick Herzberg Frederick Herzberg and his associates began their research into motivation during the 1950?s, examining the models and speculations of Maslow and others.The result of this work was the formulation of what Herzberg termed the Motivation-Hygiene Theory (M-H). The basic hypotheses of this t heory are that 1. There are two types of motivators, one type which results in satisfaction with the job, and the other which merely proscribes dissatisfaction. The two types are kinda separate and distinct from one another. Herzberg called the factors which result in job satisfaction motivators and those that simply prevented dissatisfaction hygienes 2. The factors that lead to job satisfaction (the motivators) areachievement recognition work itself obligation advancement 3. The factors which may prevent dissatisfaction (the hygienes) are company policy and administration working(a) conditions supervision inter ad hominem relations money status securityHygienes, if applied effectively, can at best prevent dissatisfaction if applied poorly, they can result in negative feelings about the job. Motivators are those things that allow for psychological growth and development on the job. They are well related to the concept of self-actualisation, involving a challenge, an opportunity to extend oneself to the fullest, to taste the amusement of accomplishment, and to be recognised as having done something worthwhile. Hygienes are simply factors that describe the conditions of work rather than the work itself.Herbergs point is that if you want to motivate people, you have to be concerned with the job itselfand not simply with the palisadeings. In a medical sense, growth, healing and development occur as inwrought internal processes. They are the result of proper diet, exercise, sleep etc. hygienic procedures simply prevent disease from occurring. They do not promote growth per se. Herzberg says that we should focus our attention on the individuals in jobs, not on the things that we surround them with.He maintains that we tend to think that growth and development will occur if we provide total working conditions, status, security and administration, whereas in fact what stimulates growth (and motivation to grow and develop) are opportunities for achievement, rec ognition, responsibility and advancement. Once again, this theory has a basic attraction. As Joe Kelly puts it, however It is always as well to bear in mind that academics, who place considerable value on autonomy and national direction, have an obsession about making work meaningful.The notion that it is possible to realise mans true nature through creative work which is its own reward is an exceedingly attractive proposition to the wise to(p) don which is rarely fully shared by his wife. Herzberg goes unless than Maslow, cutting the hierarchy off near the top and maintaining that motivation results only from some elements of esteem needs and self-actualisation. The Need for Achievement David McClelland The one wiz motivating factor which has received the most attention in ground of research, is the need for achievement (n-ach). As a result, we know more about n-ach than any other motivational factor.Much of this knowledge is due the work of David McClelland of Harvard. To e nlarge what he means by the need for achievement, McClelland cites the following example Several years ago, a careful study was made of 450 workers who had been thrown out of work by a plant shutdown in Erie, Pennsylvania. Most of the unemployed workers stayed at home for a while and then checked with the employment service to see if their old jobs or similar ones were available. But a small minority among them behaved differently the day they were laid off, they started job hunting.They checked both national and local employment offices they studied the benefactor Wanted sections of the papers they checked through their union, their church and various brotherlike organisations they looked into training courses to learn a new skill they even left hand town to look for work, while the majority when inquiryed said they would not beneath any circumstances move away to obtain a job. apparently the members of the active minority were differently motivated. Individuals with a exalt ed n-ach have a number of distinctive characteristics which separate them from their peers.First of all, they like situations where they can take personal responsibility for finding solutions to problems. This allows them to gain personal satisfaction from their achievements. They do not like situations where success or failure results from chance. The important thing is that the resolution be the result of their own skill and lather. A consequence characteristic of high n-ach people is that they like to set moderately high goals for themselves. These goals are neither so low that they can be achieved with little challenge, nor so high that they are impossible.High n-ach individuals prefer goals that require all-out driving and the exercise of all their abilities. Once again, the achievement of this type of objective results in greater personal satisfaction. This phenomenon can be observed in very young children. A child may be given a game of ring toss, told that he or she scor es whenever a ring lands over the peg and then left alone to play the game. McClelland comments plainly children who point of view next to the peg can score a toll agent every time but if they stand a long blank away, they will hardly ever get a ringer.The curious fact is that children with a high concern for achievement quite consistently stand at moderate distances from the peg where they are apt to get achievement satisfaction The ones with low n-Achievement, on the other hand, distribute their resources of where to stand quite randomly over the entire distance. In other words, people with high n-Achievement prefer a situation where there is a challenge, where there is some real risk of not succeeding, but not so great a risk that they might not overcome it by their own efforts.A third distinctive characteristic of high achievers is that they want concrete feedback on their performance. Only certain types of jobs provide this kind of feedback, however, and so some kinds of jobs are unattractive to high achievers. For instance, teachers receive only imprecise, hazy feedback as to the effectiveness of their efforts while production double-deckers have a daily output chart to look at with either joy or disappointment. There are some additional minor characteristics possessed by high achievers. They tend to enjoy travel, are willing to give up a domestic fowl inthe hand for two in the bush and prefer experts to friends as working partners. The image is clear the high achiever is a personality type suited admirably to certain jobs and not others. It would be wrong to insure all individuals as high achievers and attempt to motivate them by go them thought-provoking jobs, rapid and objective feedback on performance and personal responsibility for success or failure. The need for affiliation and the need for king McClelland has also identified two other types of need, the need for affiliation (n-affil) and the need for power (n-pow).His testing procedu re is concerned with the application of what is known as the thematic Apperception Test (TAT), a series of pictures which are presented to a subject, one at a time. The individual is asked to tell a story about each picture. The underlying assumption of the TAT procedure is that it will reveal the overriding thoughts and attitudes of subjects. For instance, an individual with high n-ach will formulate stories concerned with getting things done, challenging situations, feelings of satisfaction at having done a good job and so on.The individual with a high need for affiliation (n-affil) will reflect sensitivity to the feelings of others, a desire for friendly relationships and a reference to situations which involve human interactions. High n-power subjects will relate stories reflecting the process of influencing others, runling and manipulating others. The need for affiliation The need for affiliation is similar to Maslows need to belong. It can be a dominant motivating force affe cting behaviour and may manifest itself in many different ways.The novelist John OHara was supposedly obsessed with the fact that, not having a college degree, he was excluded from membership of certain clubs and societies. At the other end of the spectrum, James Coyne, a spring Governor of the Bank of Canada, was described as the most unclubbable man in the country, as he held an aversion to joining groups. In its most sequentialforward form, a need for affiliation manifests itself in a desire to be liked by others, to be part of a group, to enter into warm, personal relationships.High n-affil people value relationships over accomplishments, and friendship over power. The need for power In studying the motivational profiles of North American motorcoachs, McClelland noticed that many of those who reach the top of organisations and are rated as highly effective in their positions, demonstrate a concern for influencing people. This is, in McClellands terms, a need for power. This n eed is not simply seen as the raw desire to control others or simply to exert authority.McClelland stimulates the point that this need must be disciplined and controlled so that it is directed toward the benefit of the institution as a whole and not toward the managers personal aggrandisement. Moreover, the top managers need for power ought to be greater than his or her need for being liked by people. Power motivation refers not to autocratic, peremptory behaviour but to a need to have some impact, to be influential and effective in achieving organisational goals. Results McClelland examined the motivational needs of a large group of managers whose units demonstrated varying degrees of morale.The most important factor, in predicting whether a managers subordinates would exhibit high morale, turned out to be how their need for power related to their need for affiliation. Teams which exhibited higher morale were those in which the managers need or power exceeded their desire to be liked. McClelland puts forward the following explanation Sociologists have long argued that, for a bureaucratism to function effectively, those who manage it must be universalistic in applying rules. That is, if they make exceptions for the specific needs of individuals, the whole system will break down.The manager with a high need to be liked is precisely the one who wants to stay on good terms with everybody and therefore is the one most likely to make exceptions in terms of in terms of particular needs. Sociological theory and our data both argue that the person whose need for affiliation is high does not make a good manager. system man? Power-motivated managers, like achievement orientated managers and the affiliators, demonstrate distinct characteristics They are highly organisation-minded. They feel responsible for building organisations to which they belong.They believe strongly in centralised authority. They like to work. This is different from the high achiever who lik es to minimise work by becoming more efficient. While the high achiever minimises effort and maximises output, the power-motivated manager enjoys work for its own sake. They are willing to sacrifice some of their own self-interest for the good of the organisation. They have a strong sense of justice, feeling that hard work and sacrifice should be rewarded. The picture of McClellands power-motivated manager is reminiscent of the organisation mancaricatured by William Whyte.The message seems to be that if one is dedicated to the institution, committed to the work ethic and unflagging in slide fastener and devotion, success will follow. However, the increasing popularity of switching jobs as a order of rapid advancement and the rapidity of change in organisations somewhat contradicts this type of thinking. Expectancy Theory of motivation Victor Vroom Victor Vroom, of Carnegie-Mellon in Pittsburgh, has challenged the assertion of the human relationists that job satisfaction leads to increased productivity.(This theory has been called the circumscribe cow approach to management.) The assumption is that if management keeps employees happy, they will respond by increasing productivity. Herzberg, in a delightful film of motivation, highlights the fallacy of this assumption with an interview between a manager and a secretary. The secretary is kvetch about the job, and the manager lists all the things that have been done for the secretary increases salary, new typewriter, better hours, status and so on at the end of which she looks straight at him and asks, So what have to done for me lately?The point may be made that satisfied needs do not motivate people Hygienes simply keep employees quiet for a time. For an individual to be motivated to perform a certain task, he or she must expect that completion of the task will lead to achievement of his or her goals. The task is not necessarily the goal itself but is oftentimes the means of goal attainment. Vroom defines motivation as A process judicature choices, made by persons or lower organisms, among alternating(a) forms of voluntary behaviour.In organisational terms, this concept of motivation pictures an individual, occupying a role, faced with a set of alternative voluntary behaviours, all of which have some associated outcomes attached to them. If the individual chooses behaviour 1, outcome A results if 2 then B results and so on. keen that individuals choose behaviours in order to obtain certain outcomes is nothing new. The question is why they choose one outcome over another.The answer provided by the motivational theories in the other articles in this short series (Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland) is that the choice reflects the violence of the individuals desire or need for a specific outcome at a certain time. However, Vroom makes the point that task goals (productivity, quality standards or similar goals attached to jobs) are often means to an end, rather than the end in itself. The re is a bit level of outcomes which reflect the real goals of individuals and these may be attained, in varying degrees, through task behaviour.An individual is motivated to behave in a certain manner because (a) he or she has a strong desire for a certain task outcome and a reasonable apprehension of achieving that outcome and (b) because he or she also expects that the achievement of the task outcome will result in reward in terms of pay, promotion, job security, or satisfaction of individual needs physiological, safety, esteem and so on. allow us take a look at how the model works. figure a manager has as a task goal, receive good ratings for internal customer service.The choice of this task goal reflects three things The strength of the need for good ratings versus some other goal. The expectation that this goal can be achieved. The expectation that the achievement of this task goal will lead to desired rewards promotion, increased security and so on. Vroom would maintain that we do things in our jobs in order to achieve second level rewards If a worker sees high productivity as a path jumper lead to the attainment of one or more of his or her personal goals, he or she will tend to be a high producer.Conversely, if he or she sees low productivity as path to the achievement of his or her goals, he or she will tend to be a low producer. Certainly Vroom has hit on an important aspect of motivation. We do not attempt simply to satisfy a need or even a set of needs in a straightforward, If I do this, then I will achieve that manner. We work with a chain of goals and rewards, where goals in one area are only a means of achieving goals in another.

Marketing Concept †Britvic Essay

movement 1 Identify three primordial characteristics of the trade concept. grocery storeing concept is a philosophy that an organisation should filtrate to provide products and services that satisfy guests needs with a coordinated set of activities that also allows the organisation to achieve its goals (Dibb, 201218). check to marketing concept customers should be at the centre of all the organisations activities. and then all departments of organisation atomic number 18 responsible for customer satisfaction and only if in that way organisation goals washbowl be achieved. gibe to Drucker, the commit of marketing is to make selling superfluous, is to know and understand the customer so well that the product or service fits him/her and sells itself. Marketing puts customers in fundamental of all affair activities, fetching out what customers wants, meeting customer needs, prep bedness them more efficiently and effectively and creating and maintaining profitable relatio nships. Putting the customer in the middle of all companys operation allows Britvic to be peerless and only(a) of the biggest branded soft drink clientelees in UK. Britvic provides fresh, bottled fruit juices with source of Vitamin C. capitulum 2 explicate Btitvics micro and macro purlieu.Marco forces of marketing environment washbasin affect all organisations operating in market. External marketing environment consists of six categories of forces political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal (Dibb, 201276). Those forces are uncontrollable and lots called PEST or PESTEL. Generally, businesses can prepare for the unexpected by utilize PESTEL analysis. For example a new legislation of television advertising of nutriment and drink to children has led to the use of non television campaigns i.e. sponsorship and celebrity endorsement ilk Wimbledon or British pantomimes play an important role in Britvics marketing strategy. Micro environment factors are f actors close to a business that have a direct impact on its operations and success.These factors embarrass competitors, customers, distri furtherion channels, suppliers, employees, media, shareholders and the general public. Businesses cannot ceaselessly control micro environment factors but they should endeavour to manage them along with macro environment. Environmental forces are always dynamic and even though the future is not very predictable, marketers can estimate what will happen and modify their marketing strategies to the new environmental circumstances. Britvic try to minimize their competitors by supplying their products to 200,000 outlets across UK, possessing the licensed distributer of PepsiCo brands in country, and becoming the number two branded soft drinks business in the UK.Question 3 Explain why market research and the information gathered are important to an organisation analogous Britvic.According to American Marketing Association marketing research is the function that associate consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information utilize to identify and secure marketing opportunities and problems, generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions, monitor marketing performance, and improve judgment of marketing as a process (www.marketingpower.com). That information must be accurate, reliable, timely, relevant and affordable. There are five elemental steps of planning marketing research locating and defining problems or research issue, scheming the research, slanging data, analyzing and interpreting findings, and reporting research findings (Dibb, 2012264). Marketing research helps businesses like Britvic to identify consumers needs, competition, market segments and size of the market. They are also used to determinate company goals, pricing strategy or reduce riskiness of putting a new product onto the market.Question 4 Explain how Britvic might collect and use market research information.Britvic may collec t for its purpose secondary (information compiled inside or outside the company) or master(a) (information gathered first hand) data, or both. Primary research can be classified as either Quantitative or Qualitative. Quantitative methods are used to discover something that can be measured. They ask questions such as how many, where, when, what. These methods embroils survey (a method of questioning via post, Internet, telephone or personal interview), card and experimentation.Qualitative research looking for the answers to the questions why or how people live which is very difficult, if not impossible, to be found out through a survey or a questionnaire. This data is often called soft as it is often difficult to quantify statistically. Methods include in-depth interviews or focus groups. For Britvic purpose, which is to find out about customers preferences, thoughts and feelings with regards to the new product (Tango uninfected), more sufficient would be a personal interview (q uantitative method) and a focus group (qualitative method).Question 5 Explain the process of market segmentation and targeting and benefits of segmentation and targeting to Britvic.Market segmentation is the process of grouping customers into smaller, more similar or homogenized segments. It is the identification of target customer groups in which customers are formed into groups with similar requirements and buying characteristics (Dibb, 2012212). Thus market segmentation is the process by which customers with antithetical requirements can be grouped into smaller, more similar segments. One of the basic ways to turn segment is to segment the market by geography, demography, psychographic or socio cultural factors. Britvic distinguishes between core brands and seed brands. Core brands are the primaeval point of the business and include Pepsi, Robinsons, J2O, 7Up, Fruit Shoot and Tango. Seed brands are those that are believed to have potential for growth in the future and inclu de Gatorade, V Water, Drench.Once segments have been identified, decision about which and how many customer groups to target can be made. There are several options to consider for companies like Britvic. The choice needs to be made between absorption on a single segment with one product and one marketing class and offering one product and marketing programme to a number of segments (Dibb, 2012215). By launching new Tango Clear Britvic has targeted a slightly older market than traditionally. Business like Britvic by creating separate offers for each segment provides customers a better choice turn back customers who might switch to competing products and brands. Thus using market segmentation Britvic can reach customers more effectively and at a lower cost. distinguish of referencesAmerican Marketing Association (2004) Definition of Marketing, available from www.marketingpower.com/aboutama/pages/definitionofmarketing.aspx (last seen on twenty-ninth December 2012)Dibb Sally, Simkin Lyndon, Pride William M., Ferrel O.C., (2012) Marketing Concepts and Strategies 6th edn, Hampshire Cengage Learning EMEA

Business Research Terms and Concepts Essay

Understanding Business Research equipment casualty and Concepts Part 3A. Determine which level of measurement nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratiois use in the following examples.1. The Association of Accountants is conducting a survey to set the ranking of the top 100 accounting firms in the world. Ordinal2. How more years did it take you to earn your college degree? Ratio3. On a questionnaire which asks for gender, males ar coded as 1 and females argon coded as 2. Nominal4. Respondents atomic number 18 asked to rate a list of high-tech companies as excellent, good, fair, or brusk in terms of their service delivery. Ordinal5. Cereal brands are place in an ordered sequence in which an equal interval exists amidst each point. Interval6. Jake Locker averages 350 yards per game passing. Interval7. The length of eon it takes the winner of a marathon to cross the finish rail line. Ratio8. Students are asked to rank computer manufacturers. Ordinal9. The brand of charge card used by a customer. NominalB. Which take in methodsimple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, convenience, sagacity, quota, or snowballis most appropriate for the following examples? Explain why.1. The unemployment rate is reckon each month by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The survey consists of 50,000 households in about 2,000 counties and cities in all 50 states. Stratified. Because you are dividing into sub gatherings introductory to sampling.2. A research worker for Kraft Foods selects five states randomly, and hence selects 10 supermarkets chains deep down each state to call for a phone survey as test markets for a rising cookie. Cluster. You are dividing into groups or cluster then taking a random sample.3. A new product researcher would like to investigate the use of virtual teams. After conducting an interview with a manager, she asks for the names of other managers that use virtual teams. Snowball. You are using a s centerfield pool of subjects and generating more from them.4. A news reporter asks nation on the street their opinion about the presidents new bill. Convenience. There are some members of the population that ease up no see of being selected and you are using readily available subjects.5. Jamie select Denver, conscientious objector Chicago, Illinois and San Diego, California as test markets for a potato chip line base on her experience with these markets. Judgment. Because Jamie has used his or her own judgment to select the appropriate sample.6. A researcher instructs field interviewers to interview customers of several(predicate) cell phone companies in a nearby shopping mall so that they each interview 10 AT&T, 8 T Mobile, 6 Verizon, and 4 owners of other cell phone providers. Quota. Because there is a set requirement of the sampling pool.7. The Consumer Price Index represents a sampling of 90,000 items from 364 categories, chosen from 20,000 retail stores in 85 geographically distributed areas that are chosen to b e as similar as possible. Stratified. Because you are dividing into subgroups prior to sampling.8. A finance professor wants to know how many MBA students would be uncoerced to take a course in international finance this summer. She surveys students in the class she is currently teaching. Cluster because she is dividing all MBA students into a group and sampling her class. It could also be seen as Convenience because she is sampling a group that is on hand and there is a set that doesnt have a chance to be selected (anyone not in her class).

Organizational Project Management Maturity Model Essay

1. IntroductionSuccessful implementation of a impudent arrangemental strategy foundation turn a good organic law into a great one. Conversely, strategies that fail or generate poor results can quickly damage the administrations reputation and brand, internally and externally. stiff strategy death penalty is the responsibility of all levels of caution, who must(prenominal) be snarly actively and consistently to orchestrate required organisational changes and to manage the portfolio of investments that put up these change initiatives. The organisational jutting counseling due date lay is a framework that provides an organization wide view of portfolio caution, chopine circumspection, and externalize management to put forward achieving best Practices within each of these domains. This holistic perspective is a powerful tool enabling in(predicate) instruction execution of organisational strategies, portfolios, programs, and take ins, particularly when these tran scend functional and hierarchical boundaries. Moreover, OPM3 global best Practices, applied to the execution of strategy, can drive superior and sustainable results. Effective strategy execution is the responsibility of the organizations strategical planning and governance structures, which must be involved accurately and consistently to orchestrate required organizational changes. They manage the portfolio of investments that underpin these change initiatives.2. Organizational frame managementOrganizational vagabond management is the systematic management of projects, programs and portfolios in allignment with the achievements of strategic goals. The imagination of organizational project management is based on the idea that at that place is correlation between organizations capabilities in project management, program management and portfolio management and its effectiveness implementing strategy. Organizational Project troubleProjectPortfolioProgramStrategic Goals* Project A temporary endeavor undertaken to bring out a unique product, service or result. * Program A group of realated projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control non available from managing them individually. * Portfolio Acolloection of projects or programs and other work that be grouped in concert to facilitate effective management to meet strategic business objectives.3. OPM3 ModelOPM3 is an acronym for the Organizational Project Management Maturity Model, a measurement wich is developed under the stewardship of the project management institute. The purpose of this standard is to provide a way for organizations to understand organizational project management and to measure their maturity against a comprehensive and broad based set of organizational project management best practices. OPM3 also sustains organizations to increase their organizational project management maturity to plan for improvement.4.1. Primary physical parts of the standard in that re spect are three partsi. Narrative text presents the OPM3 foundational concepts, with various appendices and glossiness ii. Self assessment provide a tool in support of the assessment step out lined in OPM3 iii. Directories contain development on nearly 600 organizational project management best practices and their serving capabilities 4.2. OPM3 StagesThere are four sequential stages of process improvement governMEASURECONTROLCONTINUOUSLY benefit4. How does the OPM3 work?OPM3 offers the key to organizational project management maturity with three interlocking shares i. The KNOWLEDGE particle lets organizations uncover hundreds of Best Practices and shows them how to use the information available in OPM3. ii. The self-importance ASSESSMENT element is an interactive database tool that lets organizations evaluate their current topographic point and identify their areas in gather up of improvement should an organization decided to send on the path to higher maturity. iii. Th e IMPROVEMENT element will help map out the steps needed to achieve their goals.* KNOWLEDGE element which drives Assessment* ASSESSMENT element which in turn drives Improvement* IMPROVEMENT element.5. Benefits of OPM3 to the organizationI. It bridges the gap between strategy and individual project. II. It provides a comprehensive body of knowledge regarding what constitutes bestpractices in organizational project management. III. By using OPM3, an organization can determine exactly which organizational project management best practices and capabilities it does and does not have. IV. If the organization decides to pursue improvements, OPM3 provides counseling on prioritizing and planning.6. What kind of commitment is required to launch OPM3 in an organization?The process of applying OPM3 in an organization is difficult to quantify. It depends on factors such as the size, complexity and initial maturity of the organization, the thoroughness of the assessment, the nature of the organi zations strategic objectives, and the level of resources available also impact any estimate. However, the assessment service of process of such an initiative is most likely to take from several(prenominal) weeks to several months. Should an organization decide to embark upon improvements, the planning and implementation steps are likely to take longer, depending on how many best practices and related capabilities an organization decides to work on at one time.7. Importance of OPM3 to the project management professionThe Project Manager Competency Development Framework is the standard to guide the professional development of project of project managers and those aspiring to be project managers. OPM3 is the first iteration of a standard for organizations. It has the potential to piddle a new environment for those who are working in the project management profession, by illuminating the important link between projects and organizational strategy and the importance of organizational s upport to project management practices. The information in OPM3 is based on very broad based infix from project management practitioners and consultants.8. SummaryThe current global economic modality has ushered in an era of uncertainty that throws the importance of Organizational Project Management (OPM) maturityinto sharp relief. It is critical for organizations to renew their ability to create personify efficiencies, economies of scale and agility to adapt to the changing business environment through with(predicate) projects. Companies need the organizational capability to choose the right projects, manage costs, and innovate. They need the organizational capability to delivery projects successfully, consistently, and predictably. The Project Management Institutes OPM3 Standard was developed with input from thousands of project practitioners and represents best practices in Project, Program, and Portfolio Management. OPM3 incorporates the PMIs PMBOK Guide, the most widely ado pted standard for managing individual projects, and expands this into the domains of Program Management and Portfolio Management. OPM3 emphasizes choosing the right projects to advance organizational strategies and implementing the processes, structures, and behaviors necessary to deliver projects successfully, consistently, and predictably. Standardization of project work methods lays the foundation for achieving higher levels of maturity and excellence to create the organizational agility and resilience you need in todays marketplace. lead story organizations of all types and sizes across multiple industries are adopting OPM3 to transform their ability to blotto the gap between strategic intent and tactical outcomes through successful project selection and delivery. The preferred method for implementing OPM3 begins with an OPM3 Assessment by a PMI certified OPM3 Professional. 9. References* Project Management Institute, Inc. (2003). Organizational Project Management Maturity Mod el (OPM3). Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3). 1 (1), 1-195. * Project Management Institute, Inc. (2004). An executives guide to OPM3. An executives guide to OPM3. 1 (1), 1-5.

Of Mice and Men Discrimination

Discrimination Essay Discrimination and prejudice references in the book, Of Mice and Men, theorise on the s of altogether timeal characters lives. The biggest impacts of dissimilarity take its rest on glaze, Crooks, Lennie, and Curleys wife. All of them ar discriminated for different reasons. People argon do by worse by the spreadhead simply because they are different. glass over is nonpareil of the oldest workers on the bed covering and struggles to keep up with the pace of the other workers. The other workers are younger, stronger, and more energetic than Candy. Many of the ranch hands get frantic at him and call him, Good for nothing. They spill the beans behind his back at what a bad worker he is. Candy only having one hand slows him down ever more so. Candy sack outs that his days are coming and feels interchangeable he cant keep up. Added onto his inconsistency, is his silk hat friend attitude towards his old, smelly dog. He tells the ranch that the dog has b een operative with him since he was a pup. He was the best dog he ever had. However, the workers say that the dog smells so bad that they have to leave whenever hes in Bunk House. This eventually leads up to the point until Carlson tells Candy he must take the dog tabuside where he leave behind end his misery.Candy, after much persuasion, allows Carlson take the dog away where it is shot. Candy falls into a melancholy because his best friend died. He feels ambient to death than ever and then halts his work. Candys final sum of discrimination leaves him depressed and friendless. Lennie and George are his best buds since his dog was shot, unless they enduret compare. Discrimination takes all the life and sweetness away from Candy. Crooks, world the only black man on the ranch gets some of the some discrimination. Being the 1930s, blacks were still considered to be unequal and not as cleverness as white people.Many prejudice thoughts were fired right at Crooks. Crooks is the ranchs stable man. He works, sleeps, and lives in the stables. Crook also is arrest because a horse kicked him in the back leaving him in a permanent hunched position. Crooks is a broad example showing his forte with his mind-over-matter defense. Ranch hands ridicule him but he chooses what he lets lecture him and simply ignores them. He is a wise old man that likes his space. He lives separate from everyone else on the ranch. The only people he ever let in his room was Lennie and Slim.He felt a deep connection with Lennie, he felt his innocence. This was the only reason he let him in. When Slim came along, he told Lennie that this was the number 1 time he was ever allowed in Crooks room in years. Crooks is isolated from the workers and is not allow at the main building in the ranch, the Bunk House. The only time we saw him hanging away with the workers overly in the stable was on Christmas when he went out drinking whiskey with them. Crooks is a likable character because h e deals with discrimination so well. It close to seems as though hes had so much of it, that he is immune to it now.Discrimination is definitely showed to Crooks but Crooks doesnt show any back. Lennie is the ideal target of discrimination throughout the entire book. Everywhere he goes, he is harassed and made fun of. This is to blame to his work forcetal retardation. Being from the 1930s make it even worse because people didnt know that he needed help or else than insults. Countless characters take their anger out on Lennie. His biggest enemy is Curley. Curley naturally hates big people because hes jealous. When Lennie arrives on the ranch he instigates with him immediately.The boss also questions why he doesnt talk. George takes his side all the time, which is why Lennie always looks up to him. George is in that location for Lennie when other people dont understand. However, this puts a lot of underscore on George and he eventually lets it out at the campfire when Lennie insi sts on having catsup with his beans. What Lennie lacks in wisdom, he has a surplus of in muscle and his great amount of work that he gets done. This saves him from being picked on for being tiresome and weak. At least he can defend himself at least when George is there to tell him.In an optimistic way of looking at it, at least Lennie didnt die from discrimination abuse but rather lack of confidence and stupidity. The final character that was discriminated was Curleys wife. From the very first time we meet her, she was considered a tart. All the men on the ranch treated her disrespectfully because she was the sole woman on the ranch. All the men ignored her because they thought she was trashy. They occasionally cracked jokes between Curley and her. Although she wasnt treated well, sometimes she asked for it.She was very flirty with many of the workers even though she was married. It always seemed like Curley was looking for his wife or vice-versa. She showed her loneliness by tryi ng to talk with George and Lennie. George was like the rest of the workers and paid no attention to her. Lennie likes to talk to her but George warns him. Eventually, when Curleys wife lets Lennie pet her hair, he gets nervous and accidentally kills her. The discrimination lead her to someone she could talk to, Lennie, which in turn, killed her. This novel teaches the reader several(prenominal) things about discrimination.Most of the books events were based off a discriminating act. It seemed like these ranchers were all mad at someone and wanted to get the blame out on the person they thought were different whether it be Lennie or Crooks or whoever. Discrimination takes its toll on people even if you dont realize it. It can hurt people who might not know what discrimination means. You should never discriminate anyone based on his or her appearance, intelligence or differences because everyone is different. Everyone has his or her own opinions and beliefs.Steinbeck wants people to s ee that you are equitable as different as anyone else and you should learn how to live and flourish in that environment than rather put people down and hate. People are treated worse by the ranch simply because they are different. The discrimination in the ranch took a toll on everyone impact by it. If people were more accepting and aware, peoples lives could have been saved. Steinbeck shows the earshot how they can learn and change by noticing how people are affected by discrimination even if they dont show it in front of you. Discrimination only brings problems and life would be better without it.

Impact Of Motivational Rewards on Employees Essay

MOTIVATIONInternal and external factors that stimulate appetite and energy in people to be continually interested and connected to a billet, role or subject, or to make an effort to unwrap a goal. penury results from the interaction of both(prenominal) sensible and unconscious factors much(prenominal) as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or riposte value of the goal, and (3) expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. These factors ar the reasons integrity has for behaving a sealed way. An example is a assimilator that spends extra time studying for a test because he or she wants a better grade in the class.MOTIVATION IN BUSINESSCompanies hatful motivate employees to do a better job than they some otherwise would. Incentives that rout out be take a leakered to staff intromit increased pay or improved ranges conditions. Motivational theories insinuate shipway to encourage employees to work harder. A motivated workforce results inIncr eased output caused by extra effort from workers.Improved gauge as staff take a greater pride in their work. A higher take aim of staff retention. Workers argon keen to get with the firm and also reluctant to take unnecessary days off work. Managers place influence employee motivation in a variety of ways Monetary factors some staff work harder if offered higher pay. Non monetary factors other staff respond to incentives that have nothing to do with pay, eg improved working conditions or the chance to win promotion.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYReward Systems is a vital aspect of any formation. They can actively engage and transmigrate the overall sense of community and mission of an organization Reward outlines tally to Sziligyi 1981, are outcomes or events in the organization that satisfy work think needs. Rewards systems are much more than just tribute plans and stock options only while they often include intrinsic incentives, they also include extrinsic. A well-organized rew ard system forget motivate and energize employees because it recognizes the actionments of employees . Reward system implemented by organization will influence employees behavior and carriage towards their job if the rewards satisfy their needs and help them to reach their personal goals. When employees desire to get the rewards, they will change their behavior in order to achieve the minimum level of operation required by organization.Organizations often bod and implement the reward system without linking it with the ultimate improvement of organizations cognitive process .Therefore, the reward system is unable to contribute significantly to the performance of an organization Motivation is such a factor that exerts a thrust force on our actions and work. According to Baron (1983) motivation is an accumulation of polar processes which influence and direct our behavior to achieve some specific goal. Motivation depends on certain intrinsic, as well as, extrinsic factors whi ch in coaction results in fully committed employees. Incentives, rewards and recognitions are the prime factors that jar on employee motivation.The factors like incentives and rewards are the most preferred factors for employee motivation programs Rewards is one of the significant elements to motivate employees for contributing their best effort to generate innovation ideas that malarky to better business functionality and further improvise company performance both financial and non-financially. Today an organizations result is highly dependent on the employees work motivation. It is therefore important for a company to find out what motivates its employees so that it can plan a suitable reward system and make up better results. The right combination of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards can get ahead up the employees work motivation and enhance their commitment to the company.COMPANY PROFILESKASBITKASBIT clannish Limited is the parent body of KASBIT that was established in Sept ember 1999, by means of Registration with Securities & Exchange committal of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan. It is the first individual(a) Sector imbed of Higher Education that was registered as a collective body. Since its inception, KASBIT has achieved many a mile-stones that advocate its high standard, chastity and shade recognition. KASBIT is contract by the Government of Sindh and recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, which has also awarded the highest category W(4) rating to KASBIT in recognition of the high program lineal standards that it maintains KASBIT is recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and has been awarded the highest ranking of W(A) below whom the standards of educational institutions are scrutinized and evaluated in Pakistan. KASBIT became a member of the Association to win Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), which is based in the US to ensure the eccentric and continuous improvements in collegiate management education. KASBIT was certified by ISO in January 2002 in recognition of the high quality control system that it has in place. By this virtue, KASBIT became the first ISO-9001 Certified Degree Awarding Institute in the Private Sector of Pakistan.BAHARIA UNIVERSITYPakistan Navy established Bahria Institute at capital of Pakistan and Karachi in the late eighties. These Institutes were aimed at providing quality and uninterrupted education up to Intermediate level, to the children of naval personnel on their transfer from one institutionalize to another and in turn to contribute to the cause of promotion of education at the national level. Over the years these Institutes grew in size and facilities, leash to the starting of BBA and B.Sc(CS) classes in 1995. These programs have since been upgraded to BBA (Hons), BCS (Hons) and MBA, MCS Program which were introduced in Fall 1997 as evening programs run under the management of two independent Institutes one each at Karachi a nd Islamabad respectively. The institutes are known as Bahria Institute of Management and Computer Science short title BIM&CS suffixed with the location i.e. Karachi or Islamabad. ObjectivesBahria University, though very young, has the will and determination to kick downstairs and attain the objectives set forth below Ensure academic excellence through quality education in disciplined and peaceful breeding environments. Establish Campuses, Research Institutes, Schools and Colleges across the length and breadth of Pakistan to turn universe of discourse explosion into knowledge based force. Prepare the younger generation to mother future leaders and managers for a prosperous and educated Pakistan, through learning of their mental, moral and professional strengths. Ensure academic excellence through quality education in disciplined and peaceful learning environments. Constantly manage and upgrade facilities and update the curricula to keep pace with the emerge trends and technologies. Coordinate and stand facilities for exchange of knowledge and applied research in the newly emerging fields in collaboration with national and international Universities and research institutes. inquiry AREAHuman resource (HR)OBJECTIVEFind out to what get going does employees performance influenced by motivationPROBLEM STATEMENTDecreasing Employees performance & satisfaction due to lack of motivational factors that drives employees productivity level at its best in educational sector.KEY enquiry QUESTIONS1. What Is the Relationship between Employees act and motivation?2. How many types of motivation that drives employees productivity?3. What Is the Effect of Intrinsic motivation On Employees mathematical process?4. What is the Effect of Extrinsic motivation On Employees Performance?5. What measures can be taken to increase employees motivation level?6. What are the factors behind the low productivity of employee?7. What should be the behavior of employer towar ds the employees job satisfaction?INDEPENDENT VARIABLESIntrinsic Motivation1. Recognition2. Learning fortune3. life history advancementExtrinsic Motivation1. Basic Pay2. Performance BonusDEPENDENT VARIABLESEMPLOYEES PERFORMANCELIMITATIONInsufficient Funds subtle sample sizeTime barrierHardly possibility that organization will provide authentic information regarding their employees Research can take place only within the cityBeing a students its hard to get perfect information regarding their livelong scenario of problemDE-LIMITATIONSRespondents will not provide appropriate responseEmployees will feel insecure while sharing their organizations point of view. Time consciousCity situationsSCOPE OF THE STUDYThis study will provide a better understanding to employers who have been facing employees low productivity level they can get a better understanding of how motivational factors can influence an employees performance level that ultimately helps in harvest-festival of organization . This study will helps organization to increase employees performance through a perfect combination of intrinsic or extrinsic motivational factors. And it can be use in different dimension of business where employers are facing low productivity of employees.HYPOTHESISH1 Recognition has an blow on Employees Performance.Ho Recognition has not impact on Employees Performance.H1 learning chance has an impact on Employees Performance.Ho learning opportunity has not impact on Employees Performance.H1 Career advancements have an impact on Employees Performance.Ho Career advancements have not impact on Employees Performance.H1 Basic Pay has an impact on Employees Performance.Ho Basic pay has not impact on Employees Performance.H1 Performance bonus has an impact on Employees Performance.Ho Performance bonus has not impact on Employees Performance.

“Nineteen Eighty-Four” by George Orwell Essay

Nineteen Eighty-Four is George Orwells unswervingly unforgiving vision of a dystopian future. The designer always intended it as more warning than prophecy, so that even though its title term has passed, its lessons slightly the dangers of conformity, mental coercion, and verbal deception retain their daring and relevance. The new depicts a founding divided into three totalitarian superpowers that atomic number 18 always at war with hotshot a nonher Oceania, dominated by the power United States Eurasia, dominated by Western Europe and Eastasia, dominated by China and Japan.Since the novel belongs to the genre of the dystopia, a negative Utopia, much of its mental object is necessarily involved in describing Oceanian hunting lodge non only in the features of its for all(prenominal)day life, much of which reflects British life in 1948 (a year whose invert numbers may have suggested the novels title), but as well in detailed explanations of the historical origins of Ing soc and Oceania, as well as its formal phrase, Newspeak. DiscussionA key ingredient in this chilling enfranchisement of eroding human freedom is its depiction of a corrupted language, Newspeak, Orwells brilliant rendering of that degraded language of politicians and sophists which hides quite an then reveals truth. (Orwell, 19) Orwell, rather clumsily in the view of some critics, gives much of this information in the form of a book-within-a-book, the supposed handbook of the revolutionaries, and an appendix to the novel itself ab go forth Newspeak.The purpose of Newspeak was to drastically reduce the number of words in the slope language in order to eliminate ideas that were deemed dangerous and, most importantly, ungovernable to the totalitarian dictator, Big Brother and the Party. Thought crime, the mere act of thinking about ideas like Freedom or Revolution, was punishable by bedevil and brainwashing. Newspeak was the sinister answer. A character in 1984 describes it succ inctly Do not you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought?In the end, we shall make thought crime literally impossible because there provide be no words in which to express it. The whole modality of thought will be different. In fact, there will be no thought as we understand it now. Is our real world today, at the beginning of the new millennium, so very different on a fundamental level from what Orwell predicted? There have been countless refutations of the 1984 dystopia Totalitarianism is on the wane, Communism is dead, there is more prosperity, more community, more freedom than ever before.(Orwell, 37) Arguably, on a geo-political level, the global information economy has promoted the causes of peace and freedom, preventing potentially worse atrocities and repression in hotspots such as China and the Balkans. The bottom fold is you have no freedom, no power, you feel no need or desire for freedom or power, and, whats worse you do not even know t hat you do not have it. AnalysisCritics of every aspect along the political spectrum, no matter what their views about the validity of Orwells social analysis in Nineteen Eighty-Four, see on one thing Considered politically and historically, Nineteen Eighty-Four is one of the most important books of the twentieth century. The bleakness of its vision of a totalitarian society became a profound warning, and Orwells accuracy was attested by dissidents in Eastern Europe and Russia both before and after the profligacy of the Soviet empire Orwell, said a Russian philosopher, understood the soul, or soullessness of Soviet life.Not only did the words Newspeak and doublethink enter the English language but Russians refer to the Novoyaz of Communist Party language. (Orwell, 67) Some critics have pointed out that another layer of meaning exists within the novel. They connect Orwells dissection of Oceanian society to his portrayal of his depressing and unhappy preparatory school days, which h e discussed in his essay Such, Such Were the Joys (1952).Young English boys were removed from the warmth and protective covering of their families, mini-societies governed by love and respect, and hurled into a world dominated by fear, repression, and an all-pervading sense of guilt. There, Orwell was imprisoned not only in a hostile world but in a world of good and evil where the rules were such that it was actually not possible for me to keep them. In such a society, rebellion or even dissent becomes almost impossible, and even individual(prenominal) relationships are viewed with hostility and suspicion by the ruling class, that is, the masters and proprietors of the school.(Orwell, 81) final result As a true anti-utopian novel, one in which the horrors of totalitarianism are amply illustrated, Nineteen Eighty-Four serves as a poignant varan of the preciousness of free thought and an open society and whatever the author has predicted in this novel has one way or the other s our out to be true.Works Cited Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York Harcourt, cause & Co. pg 15-129.

Scientific Method( Diffusion Lab)

Experiment At this experiment we atomic number 18 analyse does the temperature affect how quickly the particles diffuse to an even stringency throughout the peeing, we ar going to do this experiment by using pabulum change in material to see how quick the provender coloring diffuse in stifling wet and bleak water. Materials One beaker zesty habitation Ice peeing Food coloring Thermometer periodr Eye dropper HypothesisI think the food coloring will go around prompt, because the particle in the impetuous water have more kinetic energy than the algid water, so it will spread faster.Particles at a higher temperature are wretched faster than particles at a lower temperature, that is one of the rightfulness in particle theory. It spread slower in cold water, because the particles is moving slower than the calefactive water, when the water cool down the particles scribble to disoriented kinetic energy and they slowly clump unitedly and vibrate. Procedure firstly gather every(prenominal) the materials we need for the experiment, then pour 40ml cold water into the beaker.Wait for the temperature even out, then measure and record the temperature. After that use the tenderness dropper to collect some food coloring overlook 4 drops into the beaker, record the amount of time needed for the food coloring to finish up an even soaking up throughout the cold water beaker. After the food coloring ready an even concentration, write what much time it takes to reach that. Next empty the beaker and add 40ml room temperature water from the tap into the beaker. rate and record the temperature.Repeat the steps where we start using the eye dropper to drip 4 drops of food coloring into the beaker to where the food coloring spread evenly. vitiate the beaker and heat up some water on the hot plate at level 2. After ? ve proceedings of heating on the hot plate, pour 40ml of hot water into a beaker. Repeat the steps where we start using the eye d ropper to drip 4 drops of food coloring into the beaker to where the food coloring spread evenly. Last step, empty the beaker and replace all lab materials.Observation When I start to drip 4 drops of food coloring, I saw the food coloring spread faster in the hot water, it take eighter minutes and ? fty-one second gear to reach equal concentration through the beaker. I pull the food coloring after the water is boiled, and I can feel the heat was ? owing in the air, that average it got many energy in the water to make the food color spread faster, it take three minute and ten second second to reach an equal concentration. For the cold water it take eleven minutes and ? ty-eight second to an reach equal concentration with the temperature 9 Celsius. It take eight minute and ? fty-one second for the room temperature water to reach an equal concentration. destruction After this experiment I found that the food coloring spread faster in hot water, and it spread slower in the cold wate r, because the hot water had more energy and molecular movement in the warm water, particles at a higher temperature are moving faster than particles at a lower temperature, that is one of the law in particle theory.Diffusion is a process by which particles move from an are of high concentration to an area with low concentration, to explain why this happen because particles are everlastingly bouncing off each other, and an area witha high concentration of particles would be harder for a particle to bounce into than the one with very few particles.When I come up with the hypothesis I think of everything that we learn in science class, and I do research on the internet, so I came up that the particles inside the hot water is moving faster, and I survey that the cold water will spread slower, because when state change semiliquid to solid the particles start to lose energy and they slowly clump together and vibrate ,as the particle theory said the higher temperature the faster it mov es.water system Temperature Time Cold Water 9 Celsius 1158 min Hot Water 60 Celsius 310 min Room Temperature Water 20 Celsius 851 min Does Temperature affect how quick the food coloring to reach an equal concentration?

Democracy in the United States and Great Britain Essay

Although the need for government to have leadership that provides management is universal among states, the form that the government leadership assumes varies. Government structure varies importantly between the linked States and gravid Britain, despite that each is a nation and sh ar a common history.In fact, the common history of the United States and Great Britain suggests reasons to explain the broad differences between the governments of each respective state. In the wake of the American Revolution, the concourse of the United States rejected the forms and institutions, most notably a monarchy and Parliament, of British government as well as British sovereignty. Possessing a democratic prexyial government, the United States has two separately elected agencies of government. The decision maker and legislative branches of the United States, the President and intercourse, respectively, both derive their place from the people, whereas in Great Britain only the legislative b ranch, Parliament, derives its power from the people, as the executive is elected by Members of Parliament, thus effectively combining both branches in spite of appearance a single institution.The parliamentary dust in Great Britain and the presidential scheme in the United States both have histories marked by an absence of abject failure, yet neither carcass can be considered truly perfect. Consequently, the analyst cannot conclude that either system is better rather, he must recognize that there atomic number 18 merits and faults in both systems. The Parliamentary system tends to legislate efficiently, whereas a presidential system tends toward gridlock. However, the presidential system grants both elected representatives and citizens greater influence in government. The Parliamentary system tends to favor Prime Ministers who have much experience, whereas the Presidential system favors Presidents who are responsive to the general will of the people.Also every week the British prime pastor appears before the House of Commons and must get along questions put to him or her by the members of Parliament. Sometimes it is suggested that the president of the United States should be take to similar questioning by members of Congress, as a representation of encouraging closer interaction between president and Congress. If the president did so, however, it would be his or her choice the president is elected directly by the people and is answerable to the voters rather than the law-makers. Whereas the prime minister has no choice because he or she is a member of Parliament and is directly accountable to that body. herein lies a very basic difference between the presidential system of government as it exists in the United States and the parliamentary system that has evolved in Great Britain.Another point is that the framers of the U.S. Constitution adopted the principle number 1 enunciated by the Baron de Montesquieu of separation of powers. They carefully spe lled out the independence of the tercet branches of government executive, legislative, and judicial. At the same time, however, they provided for a system in which almost powers should be shared Congress may pass laws, but the president can veto them the president nominates certain public officials, but Congress must approve the appointments and laws passed by Congress as well as executive actions are subject to judicial review. Thus the separation of powers is explode by what are sometimes called checks and balances.In a parliamentary system, by contrast, the legislature holds supreme power. The prime minister is chosen by members of the legislature (Parliament) from among their own number and in practice is the leader of the majority political party in the legislature. The cabinet members must also belong to the legislature, where they are subject to the same kind of questioning that the prime minister experiences. If the prime minister loses the support of the majority in the legislature on a noteworthy vote, he or she must resign, and elections are called immediately. Thus, whereas in the United States, elections are held at fixed intervals, in Britain and other parliamentary countries, they may carry on at any time, the only restriction being (in Britain) that they must be held at least once every five years.In Conclusion, the governments of Great Britain and the United States of America have many differences, they are, at the core, provides leadership and oversight to their nation.

Oil & Gas Management

ariseThe Gulf of Mexico disaster is an occurrence that many people in the fall in acres and Mexico, who were affected, would like to forget as it had immense environmental and scotch impact to them. This paper is going to describe the bound to which the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico is considered to expect led to a meaningful re newfound of the jurisprudence of the offshore oil and gas industry on the UK Continental shelf. These include considerably planning and fudge, environmental security, emergency response, authority for decennaryia operations off, catastrophic sleep togethers failure, the significance of simple checks, protection of the whistle-blowers, and a summary or conclusion of the described mea sures.IntroductionAn blowup took blot on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on 20 April 2010 leading to the death of 11 workers. The region is in the Gulf of Mexico and was to a lower place contract to the British petroleum. It is still no n yet known the extent of the damage that took place both on the environment and the communities around. Among the errors that led to the misfortune is the fact that the two pods of control on the BOP of the Deepwater Horizon showed that in that respect was an error in a vital valve in angiotensin-converting enzyme of the pods of control, and that the a nonher(prenominal) pod of control did not have fair to middling charge on the batteries it is believed that these faults were on that point during the time that the accident happened. There was at least a sensation working control pod pauperizati aced to run the self-locking mode function that would have supported in resolution up the BOP. The semiautomatic mode function should have taken place in an automatic manner, without being aided, when the hydraulic line together with the electric automobile cables were destroyed in the explosion. The automatic mode function is a real important governing body of backup. This pape r is going to describe extent to which the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico is considered to have led to a meaningful reform of the normal of the offshore oil and gas industry on the UK continental shelf. head planning and controlThe reforms that were recommended by the panel included making sure that the Well Life Cycle Practices Forum remained in place permanently. It is to a fault unavoidable that the professional, influential representatives from the HSE and the industry meet on a repair basis to decide, review and alship canal improve values and standards for good coif in the well integrity as well as vigilance of application in the UKCS. The Macondo blowout is taken into consideration by the standards and consists of operational practices, sufficiency and consistency of the sanctuary vital equipment (especially BOPs), examen and maintenance of computer hardwargon proficiency and training of personnel organizational and human features. They sh be these st andards with the partners in the industry and international governors and the organizations that set the standards. In consideration of the Macando, it was overly indispensable that the following ar considered Whether a change in the control of well standards it essential to necessitate at least two halts to be in place (besides the BOP) during the moving of a well to a situation that is not balanced with the zone of production, and Whether there is any change postulate to energise the operators provide notice warning around each time a situation is arrived at where the BOP together with one other barricade to a release is attained.Protecting the EnvironmentThe DECC and the industry are required to work hand in hand for the purposes of developing and adopting improvements like The judgment of Environmental Assurance plan that possibly uses the Environmental worry arranging or the Environmental Statement as living equipment for engendering a notion of goal-setting to envi ronmental policies intended to continuously improving, especially in relation to the low-frequency resultants that have high impact. The identification and cohesive treatment of the generic features of documents of environmental office to enable the devotion of more effort to some other more localized or particular areas of possible risk and impact, via more hard-and-fast use of internet systems. The industry has to a fault been challenged to take greater depart power of the available regulatory requirements of the environment, which include appraisal of the contractual arrangements for the preparation and retentivity up-to-date the required documents making them into tools for driving improvements in the environmental military rank and protection. The regulator is too required to continue working with the industry so as to make identifications of the right smarts in which the available requirements of reporting, particularly about compliance to the environmental require ments, may be rationalized or even simplified. Additionally, there might be more that should be through with(p) to show the have for, and offspringant value of the comprehensive environmental evaluations that is required of them, with a need and aim of offering increases scope for approaches that are innovative to the improvement of the standards of the environment. It has also been recommended that the documents of guidance that relate to the offshore environmental effect evaluation, regulatory activities and enforcement should be revised and reviewed on a regular basis, initially following the changes in the procedures that came up from the Macando and consequently taking into consideration any other relevant or relevant occurrences, for the reinforcement of the continuous culture improvement of the UKCS and ensuring that operators are well acquainted with the present requirements and expectations of environmental best practice. In addition, since the incident of the Deepwater Horizon, some other interim environmental regulation and inspection step that have been taken by the unify Kingdom include the increase of the number of y archaeozoic environmental inspections to the drilling rigs, besides hiring three more examiners. This consequently increased the total number of the inspectors of the drilling rigs to ten, and this includes one inspector who is senior. Considering the less widespread areas of responsibility of the DECC in comparison to the HSE, it together with its standard agencies have all worked with fewer inspectors as compared with the HSE. The HSE has 114 professional inspectors, whereas the DECC has about ten inspectors. The onshore offices and offshore creations are vi turn upd by DECC inspectors for the inspection of the management systems and records. They also go there to interview individuals and appraise the conditions of the target, practices and standards. The increased number of the site inspectors is anticipate to enable th e DECC raise the number of inspections on the environment done on the mobile drilling rigs across the country from an average of septette to at least 16 on yearly basis immediately. The cabinet Secretary referred to the inspectors movement between the private and public sectors. This might devote it very difficult for the recruitment and maintaining of inspectors that are highly qualified in the future. The offshore inspectorate of the DECC describe their strategy of environmental inspection as one that is risk-based. This means that of the rigs that are presently carrying out activities of drilling, nearly twenty quatern of them, which translates to about twenty percent are on gas reservoirs however, the DECC make do that this inherently does not pose much risk to the environment in comparison with those that operate on oil reservoirs. Hence, this is taken into consideration, together with the site of the rig and the wells nature, the DECC aims to inspect the rigs that carryou t drilling activity on particular oil reservoirs.Responding to EmergenciesArrangements for giving response to the incidents of oil spilling that pose latent insecurity to the marine environment were established by the Oil contamination unavoidableness Plans. The plans intend to prevent pollutions as such and minimize or decrease the effect that might come with it. The Oil Pollution Emergency Plans are risk evaluations that are applicable to a particular installation or field. Their focus is on the worse-case grammatical case as a leave alone of the incident at the Gulf of Mexico, the United Kingdom operators are not expected to do extra modeling for the installations of deepwater, which include a more appraisal of the predictions of oil spill beaching. These plans are also appraised by the marine Coastguard Department and some other related consulters like the Maritime Management Agency and the related inshore statutory agency. Witnesses were asked about the way they had chan ged their ways of operation in the United Kingdom deepwaters since the occurrence in the Mexican Gulf. Some of them said that they do not believe they had basically changed in any manner. This was due to the strong regulatory era that was the Cullens bequest of inquiry into the incident of Piper Alpha. However, with regard to establishing any changes in regulation in reaction to the tragedy of the Deepwater Horizon, they were wary of making universal and world(a) changes that might not be veracious for them from incident to incident, the kernel of what is in the safety case era. There is a niping that the industry appears to be reacting to incidences after they have occurred instead of having anticipations and making proper planning for the high-consequence events that are low in probability. It is beyond reasonable doubt that the industry and BPs inability to respond because it was not prepared in a proper manner was not acceptable. The b omit swans occurrence appears to be more usual nowadays. The United Kingdom has high regulatory standards of offshore, as shown by the guard Case Regime, which was established in reaction to the 1998 Piper Alpha incident. The regulatory framework of the United Kingdom is on the basis of flexible and goal-getting approaches that are stronger than those that the Deepwater Horizon operated under. Despite the high standards of regulation in the United Kingdom, they are concerned that the industry of offshore gas and oil is giving a response to disasters instead of anticipation worst-instance cases and making proper planning for the high-aftermath, low-probability occurrences.billet of the Offshore Installations ManagerWe are informed from both the industry and the regulator that there were individual offshore installations that always have the power to close down down the well. Bridging documents were created between the systems of the owner of the rig and the operator systems of the well to reassure that issues like who h as the final word or say are justly agreed before any operation is commenced. The HSE stated that there will normally be one individual who is actually responsible for matters safety on the rig, which is the Offshore Installations Manager, the contractor of drilling. There are huge financial implications of delaying the operations of drilling even just for very short compass points. In the instance of the Deepwater Horizon, we find that the BP had the aim of drilling the Macondo well for a period of 51 days only, at about 96 million dollars. It was expected that the platform of drilling would be taking off as early as 8 March 2012 however, the Macando well unexpectedly took a long-lived period. By the 20th April, the day that there was the blowout, which killed eleven individuals, the rig was already late by 43 days, and this would have led to an extra follow of 21 million dollars in lease fees only. There is a danger that those who are responsible for making decisions to stop operations could feel frugal pressure not to do so if was possible.Catastrophic BOPs failureThe last defense line against the Macondo incident was a guile known as the screen door snip ram, which is part of the BOP found on top of the wellhead, and more than a mile downstairs the ocean floors surface. If the oils upward pressure and the gas that is in the reservoir became more than the heavy drilling fluids descending(prenominal) pressure, and all the other resources for controlling the well failed to operate, the two blades of the blind shear ram, were expected to slice through the pipe of the drill and then help in sealing the well. If the BOP had worded as expected, the whole incident would not have occurred and all the lives would not have been lost. Taking into account the single blind-shear rams failure to run the blowout preventer of the Deepwater Horizon, which appeared to be one of the major causes of the blowout of the well of Macondo, it was recommended that the ga losh and Health Executive particularly review the case for prescription that the United Kingdom Continental ledges blowout preventers are well equipped with the two blind shear ram. Whereas the flexibility of the safety regulation regime of the United Kingdom seemed to have performed mighty, it was also been seen that for fail-safe devices like blowout preventer, the administration or the government has adopted minimum, strict standards of safety or show that these would not actually be an economical, last-resort against catastrophes.Importance of simple checksAn appraisal of the two pods of control on the BOP of the Deep-water Horizon as a result of the incident showed that there was an error in a vital valve in one of the pods of control, and that the other pod of control did not have adequate charge on the batteries it is believed that these faults were there during the time that the accident happened. There was at least a single working control pod demand to run the automatic mode function that would have helped in closing up the BOP. The automatic mode function should have taken place in an automatic manner, without being aided, when the hydraulic line together with the electric cables were destroyed in the explosion. The automatic mode function is a very important system of backup. It is of great concern that the simple failures of various systems were not identified during the process of inspection. As a consequence, a programme has been employ across the global drilling operation to make sure that the equipment operates the way it is designed to do. Another thing that has been done to ensure that such preventable incidences do not repeat include fundamentally improving the testing procedures of the blowout preventers, which consists of making sure that the systems of backup work and are properly tested in the process of drilling a well. This is another instance of the industry giving a response to an accident instead of anticipating a possible probl em, even though the new regime is highly welcome. It is believed that the governing have to make sure that the offshore inspection regime of the United Kingdom could not be susceptible to simple faults like having a battery that does not have sufficient charge, to go without being noticed. fatality to protect the whistle-blowersOwing to the immense economic pressure of keeping a drilling rig functional, it is of great concern to various stakeholders that the workers who attempt to communion about safety matters might be or even feel like they are intimidated by their seniors. The whistle-blowers are not in a position of calling a halt or bring to a stop some things and the managers and clearly attempting to make money for the organization. Their chief(a) responsibility is not protecting the environment. Some contradicting reports were found from the HSE regarding harassment and temper on the rigs as well as the industrys assurances that in force(p) whistleblowers will be given a hearing and protection. The government has also ensured that there are discussions with the unions and industry about the further actions that are required for the prevention of representatives of safety from feeling or being intimidated by their seniors such that they do not report a danger.Conclusion followers the fatal incidence that occurred in the Mexican Gulf, it is important that there is pellucidity on the hierarchy and identity of the liable stakeholders to make sure that the government, and therefore the taxpayers, doe not need to pay for the outcomes of the offshore accidents. Any lack of hierarchy and clarity on the liability will hamper the stipend payment to those that are affected by the incident of the offshore. It is recommended that it needs to be a requirement of the process of licensing that it proves their capability to pay for the outcomes of any incident that could happen. 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